TOEFL Vocabulary Flashcards

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Question Answer

accelerate

To increase in speed or rate. "Warmer temperatures accelerate the melting of glaciers."

adapt

To adjust to new conditions. "Species must adapt to survive changes in their habitat."

arbitrary

Based on random choice rather than reason. "The deadline seemed arbitrary and unnecessary."

attribute (verb)

To regard something as being caused by. "Scientists attribute the decline to habitat loss."

coherent

Logical and consistent. "The essay lacked a coherent argument."

component

A part of a larger whole. "Water is a key component of most living cells."

comprehensive

Complete and including everything necessary. "The report provides a comprehensive overview of the industry."

constitute

To be a part of a whole; to make up. "Women constitute over half of the workforce."

context

The circumstances that form the setting for an event. "Understanding the historical context is essential."

contradict

To state the opposite of; to be inconsistent with. "The new evidence contradicts earlier theories."

controversial

Causing disagreement. "Genetic engineering remains a controversial topic."

correlate

To have a mutual relationship. "Income level often correlates with education."

crucial

Extremely important. "Sleep is crucial for memory consolidation."

derive

To obtain something from a specified source. "Many English words derive from Latin."

diminish

To make or become smaller. "The forest's biodiversity has diminished over decades."

distinct

Recognizably different. "The two species have distinct migration patterns."

diverse

Showing a variety; different from one another. "The rainforest supports a diverse range of species."

elaborate (verb)

To explain in more detail. "Could you elaborate on your main argument?"

eliminate

To remove or get rid of. "Vaccines have helped eliminate several diseases."

emerge

To become apparent or come into view. "New evidence has emerged supporting the theory."

empirical

Based on observation or experiment rather than theory. "The study relies on empirical data."

equivalent

Equal in value or meaning. "One kilometer is roughly equivalent to 0.62 miles."

exceed

To be greater than a limit or amount. "Global temperatures may exceed previous records."

facilitate

To make an action or process easier. "Technology can facilitate communication across cultures."

fluctuate

To rise and fall irregularly. "Stock prices fluctuate based on investor confidence."

hypothesis

A proposed explanation based on limited evidence. "Researchers tested their hypothesis in the lab."

implement (verb)

To put a decision or plan into effect. "The school plans to implement a new curriculum."

inevitable

Certain to happen; unavoidable. "Some environmental change is inevitable."

infer

To deduce from evidence and reasoning. "We can infer the author's opinion from the tone."

inherent

Existing as a natural or basic part of something. "Risk is inherent in any investment."

innovative

Introducing new ideas or methods. "The company is known for its innovative products."

integral

Necessary to make a whole complete. "Practice is integral to language learning."

legitimate

Conforming to the law or rules; valid. "She raised a legitimate concern about the budget."

minimal

Of a minimum amount or degree. "The change had minimal effect on sales."

notion

A belief or idea. "The notion that money buys happiness is debated."

phenomenon

A fact or situation observed to exist. "Climate change is a well-documented phenomenon."

plausible

Seeming reasonable or probable. "Her explanation seemed plausible given the evidence."

Existing or occurring before. "Previous studies found similar results."

principal (adjective)

Most important. "The principal cause of the delay was weather."

subsequent

Coming after something in time. "Subsequent research confirmed the initial findings."

sufficient

Enough for a purpose. "There was sufficient evidence to support the claim."

underlying

Existing beneath the surface; fundamental. "The underlying cause of the problem was unclear."

abundant

Existing in large quantities; plentiful. "Fresh water is abundant in this region."

ambiguous

Open to more than one interpretation; unclear. "The results of the study were ambiguous."

predominant

Present as the strongest or main element. "English is the predominant language of business."

TOEFL Vocabulary

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